Stefan Hajnoczi suggests (from a "best practises for VirtIO storage configuration" PoV): Higher and more consistent performance is achievable with NUMA pinning: 1. Define guest NUMA nodes for subset of host NUMA nodes that guest uses 2. Pin vCPUs and memory to host NUMA nodes in 1:1 mapping 3. Create IOThreads for each guest NUMA node and pin 1:1 to host NUMA nodes 4. Add PCI Expander Bridge (PXB) device for each guest NUMA node 5. Assign virtio-blk and virtio-scsi devices to IOThreads so that the vCPUs and IOThread are pinned to their host NUMA node